Pharaoh Thutmose III and the Battle of Megiddo

The Battle of Megiddo is the first battle that was recorded in detail and for posterity. Pharaoh Thutmose IIIs military scribe inscribed it in hieroglyphs at Thutmoses temple at Karnak, Thebes (now Luxor). Not only is this the first extant, detailed battle description, but it is the first written reference to the religiously important Megiddo: Megiddo is also known as Armageddon. The Ancient City of Megiddo Historically, Megiddo was an important city because it overlooked the route from Egypt through Syria to Mesopotamia. If an enemy of Egypt controlled Megiddo, it could block the pharaoh from reaching the rest of his empire. In approximately 1479 B.C., Thutmose III, pharaoh of Egypt, led an expedition against the prince of Kadesh who was in Megiddo. The prince of Kadesh (which is on the River Orontes), backed by the king of Mitanni, made a coalition with the heads of Egypts vassal cities of northern Palestine and Syria. Kadesh was in charge. After forming the coalition, the cities openly rebelled against Egypt. In retaliation, Thutmose III attacked. The Egyptians March on Megiddo In the 23rd year of his reign, Thutmose III went to the plains of Megiddo where the prince of Kadesh and his Syrian allies were stationed. The Egyptians marched to the bank of Lake Kaina (Kina), south of Megiddo. They made Megiddo their military base. For the military encounter, the Pharaoh led from the front, brave and impressive in his gilded chariot. He stood in the center between the two wings of his army. The southern wing was on the banks of the Kaina and the northern wing to the northwest of the town of Megiddo. The Asian coalition blocked Thutmoses path. Thutmose charged. The enemy quickly gave way, fled from their chariots, and ran to the Megiddo fortress where their fellows pulled them up the walls to safety. The prince of Kadesh escaped from the vicinity. The Egyptians Plunder Megiddo The Egyptians could have pushed on to Lebanon to deal with the other rebels, but instead stayed outside the walls at Megiddo for the sake of plunder. What they had taken from the battlefield may have whetted their appetite. Outside, on the plains, there was plenty to forage, but the people within the fortress were unprepared for a siege. After a few weeks, they surrendered. The neighboring chiefs, not including the prince of Kadesh, who had left after the battle, submitted themselves to Thutmose, offering valuables, including princely sons as hostages. The Egyptian troops entered the fortress at Megiddo to plunder. They took almost a thousand chariots, including the princes, more than 2000 horses, thousands of other animals, millions of bushels of grain, an impressive pile of armor, and thousands of captives. The Egyptians next went north where they captured 3 Lebanese fortresses, Inunamu, Anaugas, and Hurankal. Sources A History of the Ancient Egyptians, by James Henry Breasted. New York: 1908. Charles Scribners Sons.Ancient Records of Egypt: Historical Documents Volume II The Eighteenth Dynasty, by James Henry Breasted. Chicago: 1906. The University of Chicago Press., by Joyce A. TyldesleyHistory of Egypt, Chaldea, Syria, Babylonia, and Assyria, Vol. IV. by G. Maspero. London: Grolier Society: 1903-1904.A Gate Inscription from Karnak and Egyptian Involvement in Western Asia during the Early 18th Dynasty, by Donald B. Redford. Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 99, No. 2. (Apr. - Jun. 1979), pp. 270-287.The Battle of Megiddo, by R. O. Faulkner. The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Vol. 28. (Dec. 1942), pp. 2-15.The Egyptian Empire in Palestine: A Reassessment, by James M. Weinstein. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, No. 241. (Winter, 1981), pp. 1-28.

‘the Advantages of Primary Elections Far Outweigh Their...

Primary elections are elections held previous to a Presidential election to decide upon the presidential candidate from the two main parties. These are held in each state, each of which then goes on to sponsor the winning candidate of their primary at the national convention, where the party’s presidential candidate is announced. This method of choosing a candidate came about due to the McGovem/Fraser Commission of 1968 (where Mayor Daley refused McGovem the chance to run as he was too liberal). It replaced the old system of decisions being made in ‘smoke filled rooms’ where party bosses were all powerful and made the decision. The alternative to the primary election is the caucus, which is more similar to the original version of†¦show more content†¦It weeds out the weak candidates, who will lose momentum along the way and fall out of the race. Those who cannot handle the campaign for the primary election, would not be cut out for presidency. A last advantage to the primary elections is that it gives a chance to candidates that would not otherwise be in the running for presidential candidacy. What may be an unconventional democrat/liberal who is unpopular within the party may prove a hit with the electorate and gain a lot of votes. The party will get the candidate who is most electable out of the options, even if this is not necessarily someone entirely in line with party ideology. Jimmy Carter, for example, was not widely known until the 1976 primaries when his distance from DC politics played to his advantage, as it meant that he was also distanced from the recent Watergate Scandal. This could also be seen as a disadvantage to the primary election, as it prevents the parties from expressing their wishes towards who the candidate should be, and thus an unworthy candidate may be chosen. 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Limited Power of the People Free Essays

Man’s destiny is at his own hands. Certainly true nowadays for most people, but there was a time when, and presently in some areas where, people do not decide their own destiny. Destiny of those people was decided upon by their masters or their rulers. We will write a custom essay sample on Limited Power of the People or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the early modern period (1500’s – 1700’s) most people do not have the luxury to choose their own path. Take for example the Africans and the people under some monarch. During this time, Africans were compelled to be slaves and imported to Europe and America. While in the case of people under monarchy, their laws are under the authority of their ruler. According to the True Law of Free Monarchies written by James I of England, the king is responsible for the whole land and his subjects. He is the master of every individual residing in his kingdom. He had the power over the life and death of his people. In a monarch, rules and laws made by the king were crafted at his followers’ advise or proposal but it is still subjected to the king’s discretion on what to implement when times arises. His authority solely made these laws official. Implementation or revoking of certain laws or policies is within his bounds alone. The people are put to oath to be loyal followers of their king and his predecessors. Generally, a king’s subject has a sort of liberty as long as they follow the rules of the land and whatever the king wishes them to do. Most of the kings give very harsh punishment to those persons who do not follow his orders. The king is not bound to anything except his conscience and his goodwill to his subjects. As for the slaves, they do not have the conveniences savored by the followers of the king. They absolutely do not have the freedom to do their own will. Slaves were commonly captives or prisoners of war. The victors, rather than killing them, prefer to make use of them or profit from them. Later on, slavery was brought about by racial discrimination. Slavery trade soon flourished when civilization progressed. They use/bought these slaves for the manpower needed to produce the needs of their people, especially for doing arduous tasks. They were usually traded in exchange for money, foods, goods or ammunitions. The slaves were usually kept inside the cages or tied around a tree. According to Bosman, the slaves were first examined by a physician before they purchase them. All those handicapped were set aside, only the physically fit ones were bought. They were also branded for easy identification of their buyers. With regards to food during the voyage, the slaves were fed thrice a day, the food much better than the food that they were eating at their place according to Bosman. Their sleeping area is divided per gender. One part is designated for men, the other is for women. They usually lie very close to each other because they are usually crowded due to the large number of slaves shipped. Majority of the slaves were treated poorly and cruelly by their masters. Very seldom will you find masters that are good to their slaves. Some who are lame were beaten to death. Slaves were not allowed to marry their masters or mistresses but there are some secret relationships that transpired. The world of these people was very limited especially the slaves. They do everything that was asked by their master or ruler and they do not have the right to complain. Some even kill themselves when told to do so by their masters. Their lives were literally on their master’s hands. Over time, slavery trade dwindled down because of some resistance and laws enacted upon by humane individuals, monarchy had also been lax with their subject. But if you look around, the idea of slavery or ruling over somebody has not been totally obliterated, some people still do not have the power to choose their own destiny. In the present years, slavery is not so obvious. Though it still exists but it operates discreetly. It is demonstrated by ruling class or rich people by using their money power to influence and dictate the lives of the poor. They have all the power to manipulate them, a discreet demonstration of slavery. Works Cited Page Bosman, Willem. A. A New and Accurate Description of the Coast of Guinea Divided into the Gold, the Slave, and the Ivory Coasts. http://www.cambridge.org/resources/0521808944/3355_WiesnerHanks%20ch13%20sources.pdf James I. True Law of Free Monarchies. http://www.thenagain.info/Classes/Sources/JamesI.html Lain, Zachary. All Men Are Created Equal: Or Are They? The Triangular Slave Trade. http://dhr.dos.state.fl.us/museum/programs/historyfair/Lain.pdf ; How to cite Limited Power of the People, Essay examples

Security terminology Essay Example For Students

Security terminology Essay SecurityTerminologyDefine the following terms:1.Authentication ability to identify who it isa. ACL (access control list) is associated w/ a given resource. Describes groups, users, machines and their permissions associated with that particular resource. i.Token- one time only password keyb.CA- certificate of authority- creates certificates -system or entity trusted to generate and distribute digital certificates. Can be privately used or from a 3rd party e-commerce site. Verifies identity of user. Authentication method. c.RA- Registration Authority-issues certificates-RA verifies credentials supplied by an agent and then sends the CA an okay to issue a certificate. d.PKI- Public Key Infrastructure- Policies and behaviors that surround the deployment and management of key pairs. How you issue two keys at one time. e. Kerberos- Authentication method used by Microsoft. Uses 3 different protocols, listed belowi.TGT- Ticket granting ticket. Allows you to request resources on the network from servers. ii.TGS- Ticket granting server. Accesses a particular network server for tickets. iii. AS- Authentication Server. Equivalent to a morning check-in at security desk of a hotel. Checks the identity of a server. f.CHAP- Challenge handshake authentication protocol. Was designed to replace the PAP. Communication between server and client proving identity. i.MS-CHAP- Microsoft CHAPg.PAP- Password authentication protocolh.X.509- digital certificate that uniquely identifies a party. Standard structure of a certificate. i.KDC- Key distribution centerj.Biometrics- Authentications based on human anatomy. k.Multifactor- Authentication based on 2 valid authentication methods. l.Mutual Authentication- Client establishes identity to server. Server provides authentication information to client to ensure that illicit servers cannot masquerade as genuine servers. Both parties have to authenticate. 2.Encryption- hiding data using algorithms. protection, method of code, algorithms, formulas a.Asymmetric keys- pair of key values one public and one private. b.Symmetric keys- single encryption key generated. c.DES- Data Encryption standard developed by government. d.Diffie-hellman- encryption algorithm named after its two creators. e.IPSec- used for encryption of TCP/IP traffic. Method of encrypting any IP transmissions. f.PGP- Pretty good privacy- mainly used in email less secure than the PKI. g.RSA- Rivest-Shamir-Adleman- encryption algorithm named after its 3 creators. Using two pair keys. h.SSL- Secure Socket Loader- used mainly on web servers to transmit securely via HTTPS://3.Network protocols and organizationa.DMZ- Demilitarized zone- Zone used for public access. Used with FTP, web servers and DNS servers. b.IDS- Intrusion Detection System- 2 types: Active and Passivec.NAT- Network Address Translation- Appends to your logical port. Protects internal hosts. Used with proxy servers. Translates internal IP to Real IP. Uses unique port table. There is 65,000 portsd.Tunneling- ability to go to 1 point to another as though you are a single proprietary line. 1 logical circuit. Used with Virtual Private Networks. e.PPP- Point to point protocol. f.PPTP- Microsoft product. Enhancement to point to point protocol. Called point to point tunneling protocol. Allows Point to point to be used in a tunnel. i.MPPE- MS point to point encryption. Encrypts within a tunnel. g.L2TP- Layer 2 tunneling protocol Siscos version of MPPE. Works with IPSEC. Works to encrypt with Ipsec. h.RADIUS- Remote access dial in user service- usually used with Unix or LENIX systems. An authentication system. i.RAS- Remote Access Server- provides users to dial in from anywhere. Allows you to connect with different location computers with dial up. j.RPC- Remote procedure calls. Links to another remote program. Ability to access remoter computer and access a program and execute it on your own computer. Loads program onto your computer from another computer. 4.Attacks and detectiona.Sniffing Looking at network traffic and deciphering it for propaganda uses. b.Stateful Inspection- firewall protection. Inspects entire packet. Looks at words in the packet. Used with proxy servers. .ub7d182830786d4d398932029f877081e , .ub7d182830786d4d398932029f877081e .postImageUrl , .ub7d182830786d4d398932029f877081e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub7d182830786d4d398932029f877081e , .ub7d182830786d4d398932029f877081e:hover , .ub7d182830786d4d398932029f877081e:visited , .ub7d182830786d4d398932029f877081e:active { border:0!important; } .ub7d182830786d4d398932029f877081e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub7d182830786d4d398932029f877081e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub7d182830786d4d398932029f877081e:active , .ub7d182830786d4d398932029f877081e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub7d182830786d4d398932029f877081e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub7d182830786d4d398932029f877081e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub7d182830786d4d398932029f877081e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub7d182830786d4d398932029f877081e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub7d182830786d4d398932029f877081e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub7d182830786d4d398932029f877081e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub7d182830786d4d398932029f877081e .ub7d182830786d4d398932029f877081e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub7d182830786d4d398932029f877081e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Declaration Of Independance Essayc.Spoofing- Impersonating a computer or network. d.Trojan horse- program that appears to be working fine and replicates good programs. Performs malicious acts to your PC. e.Zombie (bot)- a logic bomb. A virus waiting for certain variables to be met before activating. Program does same thing. f.DOS- Denial of Service- example- flood of pings. 1 person denied internet access. g.DDOS- Distributed denial of service- Across the board denial of service. When an entire network goes down. h.Backdoor- allows you to enter a certain area with different credentials. Easy way out. Creating another way to enter a system if your system gets hacked. i.Man in the middle- MITM- used to gather information between hosts. j.Brute Force attack- Guessing passwords. Trial and error. k.Hijacking- take over someones computer. Aka-replayl.Social engineering- Used by individual. Examples: looking over persons shoulder for password, dumpster diving, impersonating on phone, phishing through fake